Question

Which of the following statements concerning Mediterranean climatic region are correct?
1. It is found in the latitude range $30^\circ$ to $45^\circ$ northern and southern hemisphere.
2. Mediterranean climate experiences extreme temperature conditions.
3. In Mediterranean climate, rainfall occurs mainly during the summer season.
4. In Mediterranean climate, rainfall is mainly due to westerlies.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
A. 1, 2, 4 is correct.
B. Only 2 correct.
C. 1 and 4 correct.
D. All of the above.

Answer 1

Hint: The mediterranean type of climate is found in the southern and southwestern regions of Australia, central Chile, coastal California, the Western Cape of South Africa and around the Mediterranean Basin. Summers here

Complete Answer:
- This biogeographical region encompasses the Mediterranean Sea and has a hilly topography.
- It has a rich biodiversity with a large number of species that do not exist anywhere else.
- The rainfall here is affected by the Westerlies and marked with heavy rainfall. This climate has a serious effect on the vegetation and wildlife of the region.
- Mediterranean wildlife and environments are very particular as the region was not influenced by the last Ice Age.
- Here, the rate of endemism is extremely high.
- The Mediterranean climatic region is one of the world's leading biodiversity hotspots.
- Some regions of the Mediterranean are covered with grasslands. Wetlands occur at regular intervals, ranging from coastal lagoons to enormous deltas around the long coastline.
Hence, the correct option is, ‘C. 1 and 4 correct.’.

Note:
- The climate of a region is dependent on many factors encompassing the amount of sunlight it obtains, the height above sea level, the contour of the land, and its proximity to oceans.
- The places near the equator obtain more sunlight than the poles. Therefore, the climate fluctuates depending on its distance from the equator.