Question

Which of the following represent saponification reaction?\[\]
A. \[C{H_3}COOH + NaOH\xrightarrow{{CaO}}C{H_4} + N{a_2}C{O_3}\]
B. \[C{H_3}COOH + {C_2}{H_5}OH\xrightarrow{{{H_2}S{O_4}}}C{H_3}COO{C_2}{H_5} + {H_2}O\]
C. \[2C{H_3}COOH + 2Na\xrightarrow{{}}C{H_3}COONa + {H_2}\]
D. \[C{H_3}COO{C_2}{H_5} + NaOH\xrightarrow{{}}C{H_3}COONa + {C_2}{H_5}OH\]

Answer 1

Hint: We need to understand the concept of saponification in order to solve the given question. Saponification is the process of converting fat, oil, or lipid into soap and alcohol using an aqueous alkali solution (e.g. NaOH). Soaps are carboxylic acids with long carbon chains that are salts of fatty acids. The saponification reaction is a reverse of the esterification reaction, which is a hydrolysis reaction. When fats or oils (fatty acids) come into contact with lye, a base, saponification occurs, which is an exothermic chemical process that produces heat.

Complete answer:
We must need to remember that the alkaline hydrolysis of an ester is known as saponification.
The saponification process is thus represented by reaction D as,\[C{H_3}COO{C_2}{H_5} + NaOH\xrightarrow{{}}C{H_3}COONa + {C_2}{H_5}OH\].
In this reaction, Ethyl acetate is hydrolyzed in an alkaline media to produce sodium acetate and ethanol in this process.

Note:
Note that saponification is traditionally done using vegetable oils and animal fats. These oily substances, known as triglycerides, are made up of a variety of fatty acids. A one-step or two-step technique can be used to convert triglycerides to soap. We need to know that the triglyceride is treated with a strong base (e.g. lye) that cleaves the ester link, producing fatty acid salts (soaps) and glycerol in the classic one-step procedure. This is also the most used commercial method for making glycerol. The glycerol is sometimes left in the soap throughout the manufacturing process. Soaps can be precipitated if necessary by salting them with sodium chloride.