Question

Which of the following molecule or ion has all the three types of bonds, electrovalent, covalent, and co-ordinate:
A.$\text{HCl}$
B.$\text{N}{{\text{H}}_{\text{4}}}\text{Cl}$
C.$\text{C}{{\text{l}}^{\text{-}}}$
D.${{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}}$

Answer 1

Hint:There are different types of bonding patterns such as ionic or electrovalent bonding, covalent bonding, coordinate bonding, metallic bonding, and hydrogen bonding. Besides these bonding patterns there are several interactions that exist between the molecules.

Complete step by step answer:
In ammonium chloride, the ammonia molecule is formed by the covalent bonding between the hydrogen and the nitrogen atoms. When the ammonia molecules react with hydrogen chloride then the hydrogen atom of hydrogen chloride accepts the lone pair of electron from the hydrogen atom to form the cation by coordinate bonding and the chlorine is left with the lone pair of electrons forming the anion and the attraction between the cation and the anion then form the ammonium chloride molecule.
Thus, all the three types of bonding exist in the ammonium chloride molecule.

Hence, the correct option is B.

Note:
In the hydrogen chloride molecule, the hydrogen atom was one electron short to fulfil its duplet and the chlorine atom was one electron short of the octet configuration and hence they both share an electron pair to attain stability resulting in the formation of the covalent bonding.
In the chlorine atom, there are a total of 17 electrons and it accepts one electron to attain the octet configuration and become an anion.
The hydrogen peroxide is formed by the covalent bonding between the hydrogen atoms and the oxygen atoms. Thus there exists covalent bonding between them.