Question

Which of the following Mendelian principles is universally applicable?
A) Principle of dominance
B) Law of segregation
C) Law of independent assortment
D) Principle of unit characters

Answer 1

Hint:Because of the presence of different traits, Mendel took a pea plant (Pisum sativum) for his experiment and came to the conclusion getting 3 principles. The principle he discovered from his first experiment is universally accepted.

Complete answer:
Let’s discuss the given options and find the correct answer.
>In Mendel’s Law of dominance, it is stated that in some heterozygous species, a trait is suppressed by another trait for having the same characteristic. If two alleles contribute the same phenotype, the allele which is dominant will be expressed priorly.
>Mendel’s monohybrid cross concluded getting a new law i.e. Mendel’s Law of segregation. It states that pairs of alleles are segregated during gamete formation and they reunite at the time of fertilization. In other terms, while producing gametes, the hereditary factors segregate to acquire a single factor from parents. Mendel’s Law of segregation is also called the Law of inheritance which is generally accepted later.
>From his second experiment i.e. dihybrid cross, Mendel came to the conclusion getting the Law of independent assortment. According to this law, the genes are separated independently from each other when the cells are developed. This law was observed during the study of the genome of the pea plant.
>Out of four laws, one of the most important laws is the Law of unit characters. When one character is dependent on the presence and absence of another gene is known as unit character. Several factors representing a character in an organism are present on the same locus and represent some alternate or same expression. It is called allelomorph.

Hence, Option B: Law of segregation is the correct answer.

Note:Law of segregation is the outcome of monohybrid cross of pea plant and law of independent assortment is the outcome of dihybrid cross of pea plant.