Question

Which of the following is/are the political features(s) of the Government of India Act, 1919?
1. Introduction of Dyarchy in the executive government of the provinces.
2. Introduction of separate communal electorates for Muslims.
3. Devolution of legislative authority by the Centre to the provinces.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
(A) Only 1
(B) 2 and 3
(C) 1 and 3
(D) 1, 2 and 3

Answer 1

Hint: The Act offered a two-fold form of government (a “diarchy”) for the chief domains. In each such domain, the influence of several parts of government, the “transferred list”, was given to a Government of ministers accountable to the Provincial Council. The “transferred list” comprised agriculture, management of resident government, well-being, and education. The Provincial Councils were distended.

Complete answer:
The Government of India Act 1919 was an Act based on the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It was affirmed to expand the commitment of Indians in the public authority of India. The Act represented the enhancements proposed in the record of the Secretary of State for India, Edwin Montagu, and the Viceroy, Lord Chelmsford. The Act continued for a span of 10 years, from 1919 to 1929. This Act signified the end of compassionate tyranny and began the beginning of accountable government in India. It was set to be revised by the Simon Commission in ten years. The Imperial Legislative Council was distended and transformed. It became a bicameral government for all India. The lower house was the Legislative Assembly of 145 associates, of which 104 were chosen and 41 were designated, with a tenancy of 3 years. The upper house was the Council of State, comprising 34 chosen and 26 designated associates, with a tenancy of 5 years.

Thus, option (C) is correct.

Note: The Indian National Congress (INC) vetoed the Act, though several spearheads such as Annie Besant, G.S. Khaparde, Bipin Chandra Pal, Surendranath Banerjee, and Tej Bahadur Sapru acknowledged the Act and were prepared to collaborate with the government. They absconded Congress. Surendranath Banerjee and Tej Bahadur Sapru moulded Indian Liberal Federation and were usually mentioned as "Liberals". Madan Mohan Malaviya reinforced the transformations and Muhammad Ali Jinnah left from Indian National Congress.