Question

Which of the following is/are grouped under phanerogams?
A. Angiosperms
B. Gymnosperms
C. Pteridophytes
D. Both A and B

Answer 1

Hint: The male and female gametes bearing reproductive structures of the plants are called flowers. These flowers after fertilization form fruits. Plants are classified into two types on this basis, Flowering plants that include the plants that form flowers for reproduction and non-flowering plants that do not form flowers and reproduce through spores.

Complete answer:
-Phanerogams
Phanerogams or spermatophytes are the plants that bear flowers or seeds. It is further divided into two groups.
Gymnospermae- These are plants with naked seeds. They have a heterosporous life cycle. The seeds are borne on structures called cones.
Angiospermae- Angiosperms are the flowering plants. They produce covered seeds and show cross fertilization. The ovary after fertilization ripens into fruits that contain seeds.
The two subclasses of angiosperms are:
Monocotyledonae- These are the type of angiospermic plants that have a single cotyledon in their seed. For example- grasses, sugarcane, bamboo, etc.
Dicotyledonae- They bear two cotyledons in their seeds. For example-apple, peach, carrot, cucumber, etc.

-Cryptogams
These are flowerless and seedless plants. It mainly includes three groups:
Thallophyta- These include plants that have primitive and simple plant bodies as they have either unicellular or multicellular thallus. Algae, fungi, bacteria and lichens are the four groups of thallophyta.
Bryophyta- They mainly include liverworts and mosses and are found in moist, shady and cold places.
Pteridophyta- The plant body is differentiated into roots, stems and leaves and they include mainly vascular cryptogams. They can be heterosporous or homosporous.
So, the correct answer is “Option D”.

Note: On the basis of their affinities, plants are classified into various groups and subgroups. The other factors that are taken into consideration for classification are morphology, cytology, genetics, ecology, biochemistry and physiology of plants.