Question

Which of the following is used to measure the intensity of earthquakes?
A. Mercalli scale
B. Richter scale
C. Both A and B
D. Saffir-Simpson scale

Answer 1

HintIt is a proportion of the strength of quakes, created by Charles F. Richter and introduced in his milestone 1935 paper, where he considered it the "extent scale". This was later amended and renamed the local magnitude extent scale, meant as ML. It is developed from Giuseppe Mercalli.

Complete step-by-step solutionThe Richter scale – likewise called the Richter size scale or Richter's greatness scale – is a proportion of the strength of seismic tremors, created by Charles F. Richter and introduced in his milestone 1935 paper, where he considered it the "size scale". This was later reconsidered and renamed the neighborhood greatness scale, signified as ML. Due to different inadequacies of the ML scale, most seismological specialists currently utilize different scales, for example, the second greatness scale (Mw), to report tremor sizes, yet a large part of the news media still alludes to these as "Richter'' sizes. All extent scales hold the logarithmic character of the first and are scaled to have generally practically identical numeric qualities (normally in the center of the scale). Before the improvement of the greatness scale, the main proportion of a quake's solidarity or "size" was an emotional appraisal of the force of shaking saw close to the focal point of the tremor, arranged by different seismic power scales, for example, the Rossi-Forel scale. ("Size" is utilized in the feeling of the amount of energy delivered, not the size of the territory influenced by shaking, however, higher-energy tremors do will in general influence a more extensive zone, contingent upon the nearby topography.) In 1883 John Milne deduced that the shaking of enormous quakes may create waves perceptible around the world, and in 1899 E. Von Rehbur Paschwitz saw seismic waves in Germany owing to a quake in Tokyo. During the 1920s Harry O. Wood and John A. Anderson built up the Wood–Anderson Seismograph, one of the primary handy instruments for recording seismic waves. The changed Mercalli power scale (MM or MMI), created from Giuseppe's Mercalli force size of 1902, is a seismic force scale utilized for estimating the power of shaking delivered by a quake. It gauges the impacts of a quake at a given area, recognized from the tremor's inborn power or strength as estimated by seismic extent scales, (for example, the "Mw" greatness generally detailed for a seismic tremor). While shaking is brought about by the seismic energy delivered by a quake, tremors contrast in the amount of their energy is transmitted as seismic waves. More profound quakes likewise have less communication with the surface, and their energy is spread out over a bigger volume. Shaking force is confined, by and large decreasing with good ways from the quake's focal point yet can be enhanced in sedimentary bowls and specific sorts of unconsolidated soils.

Thus, option (C) is correct.

Note The Mercalli power scale (or all the more decisively the Modified Mercalli force scale) is a scale to gauge the power of seismic tremors. Not at all like with the Richter scale, the Mercalli scale doesn't consider the energy of a tremor straightforwardly.