Question

Which of the following is used as an anti-knocking material?
This question has multiple correct options
A. T.E.L
B. ${C_2}{H_5}OH$
C. Glyoxal
D. Freon

Answer 1

Hint: Anti- knocking material or anti-knock agent is a gasoline additive used to reduce engine knocking and increase the fuel’s octane rating by raising the temperature and pressure at which auto-ignition takes place. The mixture is known as gasoline or petrol when used in high compression internal combustion engines has a tendency to knock (also called pinging and pinking) and ignite early before the correctly timed spark occurs. This pre-ignition refers to engine knocking.

Complete step by step answer:
Now we will discuss it in details:
The first option is T.E.L (TetraEthyl Lead) which is called an organic lead. It is used as an anti-knock agent in gasoline and jet fuels. Tetraethyl lead is absorbed rapidly by skin, the lungs and the gastrointestinal tract.
The second option is ${C_2}{H_5}OH$ (Ethanol). Alcohols are also used as an anti-knocking agent increasing the octane content of gasoline.
The third option is Glyoxal. It is an organic compound and the chemical formula ${C_2}{H_2}{O_2}$. It is the smallest dialdehyde. It is used as a solubilizer and cross-linking agent in many polymer chemistry.
The fourth option is Freon. It is a chemical compound which is used as refrigerants and as aerosol propellants.
After discussing in detail we can conclude that T.E.L and Ethanol are used as an anti-knocking agent.

So, the correct answer is Option A,B.

Note: Tetraethyl lead because of its highly lipophilic nature, it passes the blood-brain barrier readily and accumulates in the limbic forebrain, frontal cortex and hippocampus. Symptoms of acute high-level exposure include delirium, nightmares, irritability, and hallucinations.
Chronic effects of tetraethyl lead include poor neurobehavioral scores in the tests of manual dexterity, executive ability and verbal memory.