Question

Which of the following groups of organelles are present in eukaryotic cells, specifically the plant and animal cells?
A) The mesosome, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, mitochondria and lysosomes
B)The endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, cytoplasm, nucleoid, nucleus and nucleolus
C) The mitochondria, nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, Golgi bodies and endoplasmic reticulum
D) The nucleoid, mesosome and pili

Answer 1

Hint: The components present in a cell are known as cell organelles. They are either membrane-bound organelles or non-membrane bound organelles. The organelles differ in structure and function. Different organelles are present in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Complete answer:
Eukaryotic cells are the cells in which the nucleus is enclosed in a nuclear envelope. The number of eukaryotic organisms is small compared to the total number of living species. However, their total biomass is equal to that of prokaryotes because of their larger size.

Single – celled eukaryotes have mitochondria, nucleus and other organelles. They are also known as unicellular eukaryotes. Examples of unicellular eukaryotes include phytoplankton, algae, zooplankton, etc. A eukaryotic cell consists of the following:

i) Plasma membrane: It separates the cell from the outside world. It has distinct inserted proteins whose function is to assist in the transport of substances into and outside the cell.
ii) Cell wall: Cell wall is a rigid structure that can only be found in plant cells. The main function is to provide structural support to the cell. The cell wall mainly contains cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, and protein.
iii) Mitochondria: They are commonly known as the “powerhouse of the cells.” They are bound by two membranes.
iv) Endoplasmic Reticulum: It is a network of small, tubular structures. Tit separates the surface of the cell into two parts, namely, luminal and extraluminal.
v) Nucleus: The nucleus consists of nucleoplasm which is made of DNA and proteins.
Golgi Apparatus: It consists majorly of flat, disc shaped structures known as cisternae.

The nucleoid is found in prokaryotic cells. It is basically the chromosome which is not enclosed. Mesosomes play an important role in the respiration of prokaryotic organisms. Pili are the hair-like projections found in bacteria so that they can easily attach to different surfaces.

So, the correct answer is Option C.

Note: In plant cells, the outermost layer is the cell wall. In animal cells, there is no cell wall. Hence, the outermost layer in animal cells is cell membrane. Protozoans are unicellular eukaryotic organisms. Some protozoa have cilia. The cell wall of fungal cells is made of Chitin.