Question

Which of the following diseases shows the blockage of kidney tubules and causes severe back pain?
A. Renal calculi
B. Uremia
C. Kidney failure
D. Nephritis

Answer 1

Hint: The dysfunction of the kidneys can lead to a variety of disorders. Hard deposits of minerals and salt that form within the kidneys are called kidney stones. The causes of kidney stones differ depending on the type of stone.

Complete answer:
- There are about a million complex tubular structures in each kidney, called nephrons, which are functional units. A nephron consists of a filtering unit of tiny blood vessels called a glomerulus attached to a tubule. As the blood reaches the glomerulus, it is filtered and the remaining fluid flows into the tubule. In the tubule, chemicals and water are either added to or removed from this filtered fluid according to the body's needs, the final product being the urine we excrete.

- Renal calculi is a condition that causes kidney stones. Kidney stones can affect any part of the urinary tract. Stones also form when urine is condensed causing minerals to crystallise and merge together. Kidney stones that remain within the body may also lead to a number of problems, including blockage of the tube linking the kidney to the bladder, which obstructs the route that the urine uses to exit the body. It causes extreme sharp pain in the back and lower abdomen.

- Malfunctioning of the kidneys can lead to an accumulation of urea in the blood, and cause a disorder called uremia, which is particularly dangerous and may lead to renal failure. Uremia is a serious medical condition that causes urea to build up in the blood.

- Nephritis is the common term used to describe inflammation in the glomerulus, tubules or interstitial tissue. The disease affects the working of the kidney and the capacity to process blood and excrete waste materials from the urine.

Thus, the correct answer is option A i.e Renal calculi.

Note: Many of the chemicals in the blood and other body fluids must be maintained at the right amount for the body to function properly. If the capacity of the kidneys to pump blood is seriously affected, excess fluid and waste can accumulate in the body.