Question

Which of the following diseases is not transmitted through contaminated water?
(a)Typhoid
(b)Diphtheria
(c)Amoebiasis
(d)Hepatitis-B

Answer 1

Hint: The disease that spreads through contaminated water or food is related to the pathogens that can transmit through the oral-fecal route. The pathogens which spread through the air are not related to this route.

Complete answer:
Diphtheria is an infection that begins with a sore throat or fever and can become severe in some cases. This is caused by a bacterium named Corynebacterium diphtheria and can transmit through the air or by direct contact with the patient. It doesn’t spread through contaminated food or water sources.

Additional Information: Typhoid is caused by the bacterium named Salmonella that causes symptoms like bradycardia, headache, cough, fatigue, intestinal hemorrhage, respiratory diseases, encephalitis, neuropsychiatric symptoms, low platelet count, etc. This disease doesn't have an animal carrier except for humans. The bacteria are spread through the fecal-oral route from the infected person or the asymptomatic carriers. The asymptomatic ones are patients who excrete these bacteria in their stool until a year after the acute stage of the infection. Therefore, the disease is mainly spread by contaminated food and water.
Amoebic dysentery or Amoebiasis is caused by the amoeba and symptoms include abdominal pain, diarrhea, or bloody diarrhea but 90% of the infected people are asymptomatic. The main amoeba that causes this disease is the Entamoeba histolytica. Like typhoid, these too are fecal-oral route disease. Therefore, they can spread through contaminated water and food.
Hepatitis-B is a serious infection of the liver mainly caused by a virus named the hepatitis B virus(HBV). The infection can become chronic which can increase the risk of liver failure, liver cancer, and cirrhosis. The symptoms include abdominal pain, dark urine, fever, joint pain, nausea, vomiting, etc.
Therefore, the correct answer is “Diphtheria”.

Note: The bacteria of Diphtheria stay in some people without showing any symptoms of Diphtheria but still can spread to others and infect them. The symptoms are caused by the toxin released by these bacteria. The symptoms include fever, chills, fatigue, cyanosis, sore throat, cough, headache, painful swallowing, bloody nasal discharge, and lymphadenopathy. Sometimes it can lead to the bull neck which is swallowing of the neck and throat.