Question

Which of the following correctly represents the name of 1, 2, 3 and 4 in the given diagram of neuron?

A. 1-Axon, 2- dendrites, 3- Node of Ranvier, 4- Myelin sheath
B. 1-dendrites, 2- axon, 3- Node of Ranvier, 4- Myelin sheath
C. 1- dendrites, 2- cell body, 3- Myelin sheath, 4- Node of Ranvier
D. 1- axon, 2- cell body, 3- Dendrites, 4- Node of Ranvier

Answer 1

Hint: Neurons are the information messengers of our body. They take up the electrical impulses from the brain and transmit them to various body parts.
These neurons perform different functions depending on their position and location.

Complete Step by Step Answer:
Neurons are microscopic structures. A typical neuron consists of three major parts: a cell body, dendrites and axon.

Cell body is composed of the cytoplasm, nucleus and cell organelles. Along with these, the cell body has certain granules called Nissl's granules for the purpose of protein synthesis. The cell body has an irregular shape. It is also known as soma.

Dendrites are the small branched fibres that grow out of the cell body and also contain Nissl's granules. These dendrites take up the impulse from the other neuron and pass into the cell body for further processing.

Axon is the long fibres that arise from the branched distal end of the cell body. Synaptic knob is present at the end of each axon which is a bulb-like structure possessing synaptic vessels that contain chemicals called neurotransmitters. Different layers of Schwann cells make up a myelin sheath. On the basis of whether the myelin sheath is present or not, the axon is of two types myelinated and non-myelinated.

The space between the two adjacent myelin sheaths is called the Node of Ranvier.
So in the given figure:- 1- dendrites, 2- cell body, 3- myelin sheath and 4- Node of Ranvier.

Thus, the correct answer is option C.



Note: The structure of the neuron is preserved by the genetic material present in the nucleus of the cell body. Neurons are extremely delicate and if damaged the signals transmitting to and from the brain will stop and that will cause the dysfunctioning of various parts depending on which neuron has been damaged.