Question

Which is the machinery for settlement of Industrial Disputes of the following?
A. Industrial Tribunal
B. National Tribunal
C. Labour court
D. All of the above

Answer 1

Hint:
The causes of many industrial disputes are of different and varied reasons. Some main points are related to wages, union rivalry, political interference, unfair labour practices as well as the multiplicity of the labour laws. Various machinery is needed for their settlements.

Complete answer:
The Industrial Dispute Act 1947 came into existence in April 1947. It was enacted for making the provisions for investigations as well as the settlement of the industrial dispute. It helps to ensure fair wages and other safeguards to the workers. According to this, machinery for the settlement of Industrial Disputes has been given. These are as follows:
1. Industrial Tribunal
2. National Tribunal
3. Labour Court
So, all three are correct.

Thus the correct option is D.

Additional Information:
There are many models of industrial relations available. One of these is the British model. In this model of industrial relations, there are three principal actors. These actors are:
The workers and their trade unions,
The employers and their associations,
The government and its agencies.
The three methods for settlement of these industrial disputes are as follows:
1. Conciliation 2. Arbitration 3. Adjudication.

Note:
Industrial disputes are actually a part of the life of any organization. These may arise due to many economic or non-economic causes. The economic causes then related to compensation like wages, bonus, allowances, working hours and leave etc. The non-economic factors include victimization of workers, ill-treatment by staff members, political factors and indiscipline, etc. Some main industrial disputes are Strikes, Lockouts, Picketing, Lay Off, Retrenchment etc.