Question

Which is the correct statement about protons?
a.) It is a nucleus of deuterium
b.) It is an iodised hydrogen molecule
c.) It is an ionised hydrogen atom
d.) It is an $\alpha $-particle

Answer 1

Hint: If an atom of hydrogen loses or acquires an electron, a hydrogen ion is formed. Positive hydrogen ions (or protons) can quickly be mixed with other particles and are therefore seen either in a gaseous state or in an almost particle-free setting.

Complete step-by-step answer:
The bare hydrogen ion cannot live easily in water because it readily hydrates-i.e. binds rapidly owing to the incredibly high load density of about $2 \times {10^{10}}$ times that of a sodium ion. Of both hydrogen ions and isotopes, IUPAC advises that the hydrogen ion be a common name. Based on ion load, it is possible to differentiate between two classes: positively loaded ions and negatively loaded ions.
Hydrogen atoms normally produce one electron and one proton so just one proton is left after ionization and thus ionized hydrogen atom is referred to as proton.
The proton was detected from early atomic structure experiments. Wilhelm Wien (1898) and J.J. Thomson had been studying sources of ionized gaseous atoms and molecules that have been separated from electrons. A positive particle similar in weight to the hydrogen atom was described by Thomson (1910). Ernest Rutherford (1919) has demonstrated that the nitrogen when put under alpha-particle bombardment ejects what seemed to be the hydrogen nuclei. By 1920 he had recognized the hydrogen nucleus, called it proton, as an elementary particle.
Hence, option C is the correct option.

Note: Ionized hydrogen protons are granted high speeds in particle accelerators and are widely used for the development and analysis of nuclear reactions as projectiles. Protons are the principal component of primary cosmic rays that are a product of several forms of nuclear chemical reactions.