Question

Which is not a method of genetic recombination in bacteria?
A. Transformation
B. Transduction
C. Translation
D. Conjugation

Answer 1

Hint: Bacterial recombination is a sort of genetic recombination in bacteria characterized by DNA transfer from one organism called the donor to a different organism as the recipient.

Complete answer:
Transformation: The uptake of exogenous DNA from the encircling environment.
Bacterial transformation may be a process of horizontal gene transfer by which some bacteria take up foreign genetic material (naked DNA) from the environment.
The process of gene transfer by transformation doesn't require a living donor cell but only requires the presence of persistent DNA within the environment. The prerequisite for bacteria to transform is its ability to require up free, extracellular genetic material. Such bacteria are termed as competent cells.
The factors that regulate natural competence vary between various genera. Once the remodeling factor (DNA) enters the cytoplasm, it should be degraded by nucleases if it's different from the bacterial DNA. If the exogenous genetic material is comparable to bacterial DNA, it should integrate into the chromosome.

Translation: Translation is that the process during which ribosomes within the cytoplasm or endoplasmic reticulum synthesize proteins after the method transcription of DNA to RNA within the cell's nucleus. The complete process is termed an organic phenomenon.
In translation, template RNA (mRNA) is decoded in a very ribosome, outside the nucleus, to provide a selected organic compound chain or polypeptide. The polypeptide later folds into a full of life protein and performs its functions within the cell. The ribosome facilitates decoding by inducing the binding of complementary tRNA anticodon sequences to mRNA codons.

Transduction: The virus-mediated transfer of DNA between bacteria.
It is the method by which foreign DNA is introduced into a cell by a plague or viral vector. Example- viral transfer of DNA from one bacterium to a different is horizontal gene transfer.
Transduction doesn't require physical contact between the cell donating the DNA and therefore the cell receiving the DNA (which occurs in conjugation), and it's DNase resistant (transformation is liable to DNase). Transduction could be a common tool employed by molecular biologists to stably introduce an overseas gene into a bunch cell's genome (both bacterial and mammalian cells).

Conjugation: The transfer of DNA from one bacterium to a different via cell-to-cell contact.
Bacterial conjugation is the transfer of genetic material between bacterial cells by direct cell-to-cell contact or by a bridge-like connection between two cells. This takes place through a pilus mechanism of horizontal gene transfer.
During this, one bacterium is the donor of the genetic material, and therefore the other is the recipient. The donor bacterium carries a DNA sequence called the fertility factor, or F-factor.
The genetic information transferred is usually beneficial to the recipient. Benefits may include antibiotic resistance, xenobiotic tolerance, or the flexibility to use new metabolites.

Therefore, the correct option is C, translation.

Note: Genetic engineering is the direct manipulation of an organism's genes using biotechnology. These technologies change the genetic makeup of cells, including the transfer of genes within and across species boundaries to produce improved or novel organisms. New DNA is obtained by isolating and copying the genetic material of interest using recombinant DNA methods or by artificially synthesizing the DNA.