Question

Which is haploid in Gymnosperm?
(a) Root, shoot, endosperm
(b) Endosperm, pollen grain, megaspore
(c) Root, leaf, bud
(d) Bulbil, buds, microspore

Answer 1

Hint: Haploid is the characteristic of a single set of chromosomes found in a cell or organism. Organisms that induce asexual reproduction are haploid. Gymnosperms are seedlings whose cones have evolved to bear their reproductive structures. In gymnosperms, the nutritive tissue that surrounds the embryo, the microscopic particle that contains the male gametophyte and the larger spore that gives rise to female gametophyte are all haploid.

Complete answer:
Gymnosperms have a haploid endosperm while angiosperms have a triploid endosperm due to double fertilization.
The pollen grain is haploid since it is the male gamete that fuses to form the zygote with the female gamete.
Megaspore is haploid in gymnosperms, while the megaspore mother cell is diploid and meiosis leads to four megaspores being produced. The embryo sac is formed by functional megaspores. The endosperm is formed before fertilization and is thus haploid.
Organisms that reproduce sexually are diploid. They have two chromosome sets, one at each parent.
Gymnosperms abound with species that can tolerate moist or dry conditions in the temperate forest and boreal forest biomes.
Modern gymnosperms are a member of four phyla. The biggest phylum, Coniferophyta, is represented at high altitude and latitude by conifers, the predominant plants. Cycads are similar to palm trees and flourish in tropical climates. Gingko biloba is the only phylum Ginkgophyta representative. The last phylum, Gnetophyta, is a diverse group of shrubs that produce elements of vessels in the wood.
So, the correct answer is, ‘endosperm, pollen grain, megaspore’.

Note: Gymnosperms are photosynthetic, autotrophic organisms that tend to conserve water. They have a vascular system (used for water and nutrient transport) , which involves roots, xylem, and phloem. Gymnosperms do not grow flowers or berries, in contrast to angiosperms.