Question

Which enzyme is used in transcription?
a) Aino acyl synthetase
b) DNA polymerase III
c) RNA polymerase
d) DNA ligase

Answer 1

Hint: The transcription is the process in which an RNA copy is made of the DNA. The RNA formed then codes for a specific protein that needs to be translated. The process of transcription usually involves initiation, elongation, and termination.

Complete step by step answer:
The process of transcription occurs in three phases which are initiation, elongation, and termination. The transcription is catalyzed in the presence of the enzyme RNA polymerase. The polymerase attaches itself to the DNA molecule and then recognizes the promoter region present on it. When the RNA polymerase binds on the promoter region it unwinds the double helix exposing the base pairs. This marks the end of the initiation phase and the start of the elongation phase. The two strands of the DNA are considered as a template strand and a coding strand. The mRNA is formed at the template strand and is similar to the coding strand. The RNA polymerase forms the phosphodiester bond between the adjacent bases in the RNA strand being formed. The RNA strand elongates in the 3’ direction. This is the elongation phase of the transcription. The transcription stops when the RNA polymerase reaches the stop codon. At this point, the RNA polymerase leaves the DNA strand and the transcription is stopped. This marks the end of the termination phase of the transcription.

So, the answer is ‘RNA polymerase’.
Note:
After transcription, the mRNA formed undergoes various other changes like the 5’ capping, polyadenylation, and splicing. After these changes the m-RNA is said to be matured. There are also multiple promoter regions present in the DNA strand. The transcription factors control the rate of the transcription.