Question

Which cell organelle is not related to photorespiration?
(a)Mitochondria
(b)Chloroplast
(c)Glyoxysome
(d)Peroxisome

Answer 1

Hint: Photorespiration is the pathway to complete the Calvin cycle and refers to the plant's metabolism where the enzymes oxygenates and energy produced during photosynthesis are wasted. The enzyme involved is RuBisCo which oxygenates are RuBp.

Complete answer:
Glyoxysome is not related to the process of photorespiration. The process of photorespiration does not involve increased growth rate for plants and is necessary for the assimilation of nitrate from soil. Glyoxysomes helps in the storage of fat and are found in plants mostly in filamentous fungi. They initiate The breakdown of fatty acids and constitute enzymes that possess to produce intermediate products for the synthesis of sugars by the process of gluconeogenesis. They help in early seedling development and when the process of photosynthesis is initiated it gets converted into peroxisomes in leaves. They get associated with the leopard bodies and appear after seed germination in endospermic cells. They constitute an enzyme of fatty acid and the glyoxylate pathway. Urate oxidase and allantoin are two other enzymes present in the glyoxysomes. They consist of the parasite which causes a sleeping disease known as trypanosomes. They are capable of respiration and do not consist of an energy coupled electron transport system.

Additional Information: Mitochondria: They are also known as the powerhouse of the cell and receive energy-yielding chemical intermediates from the metabolic pathways. It helps in respiration and the production of adenosine triphosphate. Mitochondria is not well developed structurally and functionally in the eukaryotes and is known as reduced mitochondria. It helps in the production of energy and cell signaling which represent several signaling pathways involving the processes of cell survival and cell death.
Chloroplast: It is an organelle which helps in the conduction of photosynthesis and consists of a pigment chlorophyll that captures the energy from sunlight. They convert the energy from sunlight into adenosine triphosphate and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. It has two membranes with the highest concentration of chlorophyll and leucoplast and chromoplast which contains little chlorophyll and does not carry out the process of photosynthesis.
Peroxisome: They are small organelle which is membranous, and are enclosed within organelles which consists of enzymes that help in the metabolic reactions and several aspects of energy metabolism.

So, the correct answer is 'glyoxysome'.

Note: Mitochondria are capable of changing their shape and move around the cell quickly when needed. They are similar to bacteria and produce different proteins. The 10% proteins of the chloroplast encoded by its DNA and the remaining from the cell.