Question

Which among the following defines probable maximum flood?
A. The maximum flood occurred in the last 100 years in the area
B. The maximum flood occurred in the last 1000 years in the area
C. An estimation of the largest possible flood that could occur at a particular location
D. None of these

Answer 1

Hint: Probable Maximum Flood is the flood that may be predicted from the most serious mixture of critical meteorological and hydrologic situations that are relatively feasible in a specific drainage region. A flood is a flood of water on regularly dry ground.

Complete step-by-step solution:
This is most ordinarily because of a flooding stream, a dam break, snowmelt, or hefty precipitation. Less normally happening are torrents, storm flood. The most lethal flooding was in 1931 in China and slaughtered somewhere in the range of 2,000,000 and 4,000,000 individuals. Storms that have affected drastic flooding and comprised precipitation quantities that attained a crucial amount of the PMP have arisen this century. Floodwaters from these storms inflicted the loss of dams and other structures. Many dam losses are deemed disasters because they induce tremendous damage or serious and sudden hardship. Because of the immediate and surprising attitude in which dam losses can occur, they are referred to be as severe as earthquakes and tornadoes.
The Probable Maximum Flood is a measure of the biggest apparent flood that could happen at a specific location, under the vastly drastic meteorological and hydrological circumstances as they are presently accepted.

Thus, option (B) is correct.

Note: There are various techniques operated for PMP analysis which can be classified as hydro-meteorological and statistical. Popular hydro meteorological methods comprise moisture maximization technique, storm transposition technique, generalized technique, and storm separation method, and depth-area-duration technique. Popular statistical techniques comprise the Hershfield technique and its variants and multifractal technique. In moisture maximization, the storm precipitation is boosted to such a value that is compatible with the maximum moisture in the atmosphere for the storm area and the month of occurrence. The basic beliefs in this procedure are that precipitation is linearly associated with precipitable water.