Question

What is the purpose of tissue typing ?

Answer 1

Hint: A tissue is known as a group of cells that have similar structure and function. Paul Terasaki in 1964, developed a tissue-typing test for organ transplant donors and recipients.

Complete answer:
Tissue typing is a type of blood test, it is to determine the type of histocompatibility antigens on a person's cells or tissues. This type of procedure is typically used prior to transplantation of tissues or organs.
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing is used to match patients and donors for bone marrow or cord blood transplants. It serves as a unique identification marker for individuals. It refers to the group of highly polymorphic cell surface molecules. The proteins made from HLA genes are called the Major Histocompatibility complex (MHC). These cells are present at the surface of cells.
The purpose of HLA typing is to test the HLA to match the tissue and organs transplant recipients with compatible donors. This test is to screen the transplant recipients for the presence of antibodies that targets the donor tissue or organ as a part of immune response. The MHC plays an important role in the body's immune system that helps to distinguish the self and non self (foreign) cells.
The matching of human leukocyte antigens of donor and recipients is referred to as HLA matching and plays a significant role in organ (Kidney, Heart, lung and stem cell) transplantation. The tissue typing promotes the growth and development of new healthy blood cells.

Note:
There are three general groups of HLA: HLA – A, HLA-B, HLA-DR. These groups contain different specific HLA proteins. The tissue typing is done by Micro cytotoxicity assay, Mixed lymphocyte culture, Flow cytometry and DNA analysis.