Question

What is phosphorylation?

Answer 1

Hint: Phosphorylation includes the addition of phosphate group in certain compounds. It mainly occurs with sugars and proteins. ATP is formed from ADP by the process of phosphorylation.

Complete answer:
Phosphorylation is the process by which a phosphoryl group attaches to the molecules. Dephosphorylation also occurs in the cells which is the removal of phosphate groups from the molecules. Both of these processes play a very important role in cellular processes. Protein phosphorylation is very important for the functioning of proteins. Enzymes activated when the phosphorylation occurs in the cell. In eukaryotes, Phosphorylation occurs in sugars and lipids.
Glucose phosphorylation is the first stage of catabolism. Accumulation of sugars occurs by this process as it prevents the molecules from diffusing back across their transporter. It is a very important reaction to the sugar metabolism. Conversion of sugars into glucose occurs before their metabolism.
Degradation of glucose occurs by the process of glycolysis. It produces two molecules of the pyruvate. Phosphorylation initiates this reaction in step 1 and at step 6 also. Derivatives of glucose are formed by this process and it occurs in two phases. First phase is called phospho-fructokinase.
Protein phosphorylation is concerned with the post-translational modifications. It occurs on the amino acids such as histidine, lysine, and arginine, etc.
ATP is the energy currency. Conversion of ADP to ATP occurs by the addition of one phosphate group in it. It is referred to as oxidative phosphorylation. It can also be synthesized by the substrate level phosphorylation.

Note: Phosphorylation in glycolysis helps in transport, control and efficiency of the components of the glycolysis. Synthesis of ATP occurs in the mitochondria. ATP is mainly synthesized in chloroplasts by photophosphorylation. It can be of two type’s cyclic and non-cyclic phosphorylation.