Question

What is frameshift mutation?

Answer 1

Hint: A reading frame is a sequence of codons starting with the start codon AUG and with a termination codon in a protein-sequencing gene.
If a mutation disrupts this reading frame, then the whole DNA sequence that follows the disruption will be read in an incorrect manner.

Complete answer:
A frameshift mutation is a mutation that introduces or deletes a series of nucleotides that are not divisible by 3. The triplet nature of the gene expression of codons can cause a change in the reading frame by insertion or deletion which results in a translation that is completely different from the original. The protein is altered more if the change occurs earlier. A frameshift mutation will cause the reading of the codons after the mutation to code for different amino acids.
Frameshift mutations are extremely likely to lead to a drastic change in the polypeptide length and chemical composition which results in a non-functional protein that will most likely disrupt the biochemical processes of a cell.
Frameshift mutation in genes causes diseases like Crohn’s Disease, cystic fibrosis and various forms of cancer. On the contrary, some proteins have a positive effect when they become non-functional. These positive effects include resistance to HIV in people with a chemokine receptor gene containing a frameshift mutation.

Note:
Frameshift mutations are produced by molecules that can insert themselves between normal bases to create mistakes during DNA synthesis. Insertions and deletions can generate a nonsense codon mutation that can directly stop translation. Frameshift mutations result in abnormal protein products with incorrect amino acid sequences that can either be longer or shorter than the normal protein.