Question

What is a transfer of electrons?

Answer 1

Hint: By electron transfer we simply mean the movement of electrons from one atom to another to complete its valency or to acquire stable electronic configuration of the nearest noble gas. Now with the help of this you can easily answer the given statement according.

Complete answer:
First of all, let’s discuss what an atom is. An atom is the smallest particle of an element and it consists of a large solid mass in its center known as the nucleus of the atom.
The nucleus of the atom consists of the positively charged particles i.e. the protons and the neutral particles known as the protons. Outside the nucleus are the negatively charged particles i.e. electrons which keep on revolving around the nucleus in fixed circular orbits.
Now considering the statement as-
By the transfer of electrons, the movement of the electron from one species to another species in order to acquire the stable electronic configuration whether fully filled or half filled.
The bond between the species is known as the ionic bond and the species which loses the electrons acquires the position e charge whereas on the other hand, the species which gains the electrons acquires the negative charge.
Consider the example of NaCl. In this molecule, sodium has 11 electrons in its valence shell and has a strong tendency to lose one electron to acquire the nearest noble gas configuration. whereas chlorine has 17 electrons in its valence shell and has a strong tendency to gain one electron to complete its octet.
So, sodium loses one electron and acquires the positive charge and chlorine gains the electron lost by the sodium and acquires negative charge.
 Hence, the bond formed between sodium and chlorine involves the transfer of electrons, so, is known as the ionic bond.

Note:
Protons tells us about the atomic number of the atom i.e. Z and the sum total of the protons and the neutrons gives the mass number i.e. A of the atom. The number of the electrons present outside the nucleus is always equal to the number of protons inside the nucleus to maintain the electrical neutrality of the atom.