Question

What does chromosome contain?

Answer 1

Hint: A chromosome may be a long DNA molecule with part or all of the genetic material of an organism. Most eukaryotic chromosomes include packaging proteins called histones which, aided by chaperone proteins, bind to and condense the DNA molecule to take care of its integrity.

Complete answer:
i) Chromatin material is the genetic material of a cell consisting of DNA.
ii) Whenever the cell is close to divide, the chromatin is condensed to make the chromosomes.
iii) the varied functions of the chromatin include the packaging of DNA material during a more compact state for cellular reproduction and regulate organic phenomenon for the synthesis of proteins.
Chromosomes are thread-like structures present within the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell, which carries genetic information from one generation to another. They play an important role in cellular division , heredity, variation, mutation, repair and regeneration.
Listed below are the functions of chromosomes:
1. The main function of chromosomes is to hold the genetic material from one generation to a different.
2. Chromosomes play a crucial role in growth, reproduction, repair and regeneration process, which is vital for survival.
3. Chromosomes protect the DNA from getting tangled and damaged.
4. Histone and non-histone proteins help within the regulation of organic phenomena.
5. Spindle fibres attached to the centromere help within the movement of the chromosome during cellular division.
6. Each chromosome contains thousands of genes that precisely code for multiple proteins present within the body.

Note:
Each chromosome is formed of proteins and one molecule of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Chromosomes are defined as bundles of tightly coiled DNA located within the nucleus of just about every cell in our body. This unique structure of the chromosome keeps DNA tightly wrapped around spool-like proteins, named histones.