Question

What are chromosomes?

Answer 1

Hint: Chromatin material condenses to form thread like structure throughout telephone division called chromosomes. These are the units of genetic records and are made up of proteins. These raise records from one era to another.

Complete answer:
The chromosomes are determined in the nucleus of a cell. At specific degrees of mobile division, cells exhibit structured chromosomes in place of the nucleus. Chromatin includes DNA and some fundamental proteins known as histones and some non-histone proteins, and RNA as well. A single human mobile has DNA length of 2 metres which is equally distributed amongst the 46 chromosomes.
 Every chromosome has an essential constriction known as the centromere. On the aspects of centromere disc shaped buildings known as kinetochores are present.

Additional Information:
 The interphase of the nucleus has elaborated nucleoprotein fibres called chromatin and nucleoli. Depending on the position of the kinetochores around the centromere, chromosomes are of four types
- Metacentric - Centromere is in the centre forming two equal arms.
- Sub metacentric Centromere is barely away from the centre leading to formation of one quick arm and one long arm.
- Acrocentric - Centromere is present close to one end, leading to the formation of a very lengthy arm and an extremely short arm.
- Telocentric - Chromosome known to possess a terminal centrosome.

Note: Chromosomes have the following features -
1. Regulation of mobile proteins.
2. Contains genetic data to manipulate cellular activities.
3. Contains genetic facts to improve the basic characteristics of the offspring.
4 Contains facts for the production of proteins via the cell.