Question

Washing powders contain detergents in the range of (by mass):
A.$10 - 15\% $
B.$15 - 30\% $
C.$50 - 60\% $
D.$40 - 50\% $

Answer 1

Hint:We have to know that washing powder is a kind of detergent that is used for laundry cleaning. We can manufacture liquid detergent in the form of liquid and powder. Some of the components are builders, surfactants, soil anti deposition agents, corrosion inhibitors, enzymes, fragrances, fillers, dyes, and foam regulators etc.

Complete step by step answer:
We have to know that modern synthetic detergents are made of alkyl or aryl sulfonates which are manufactured from petroleum (or coal) and sulfuric acid.
-We can say a detergent is a mixture of surfactants (or) surfactants which has cleansing properties in dilute solutions. These substances are made from alkylbenzene sulfonates. Alkylbenzene sulfonates belong to a family of compounds that are likewise to soap.
-In hard water, the solubility of detergents is more, because the polar sulfonate of detergents is less likely than the polar carboxylate of soap to attach to calcium and other ions present in hard water.
-We can define synthetic detergent salts of sodium or potassium salt of a long chain containing alkyl benzene sulphonic acid or salt of the sodium or potassium of a long chain containing alkyl hydrogen sulphate, which contain cleansing properties in water.
-Detergents are used in washing powders in the range of about 15−30%.
Therefore, the option (B) is correct.
The laundry detergent contains 50% builders, 15% surfactants, 7% enzymes, 2% soil anti-deposition agents and others.

Note:
We have to know laundry detergents work similar to soaps because of their amphiphilic nature, partly hydrophilic polar, and partly non-polar hydrophobic. Their dual nature makes the action easier to the mixture of hydrophobic compounds with water. Detergents are foaming agents to different degrees because the nature of air is not hydrophilic. We can use detergents as concentrated solutions (or) powders.