Question

Viable materials of endangered species can be preserved by
A. Gene bank
B. Gene library
C. Gene pool
D. Herbarium

Answer 1

Hint: An endangered species, either worldwide or in a specific political jurisdiction, is a species which is very likely to become extinct in the near future. Owing to factors such as habitat loss, poaching and invasive species, endangered species may be at risk.

Complete Answer:
Viable material can be preserved by the gene bank of endangered species. The Gene Bank is an institution that maintains stocks of viable seeds (seed banks), live-growing plants (orchards), tissue culture, and frozen germplasm with genetic variability in all its forms.

Cells or organisms that host unusual gene variants, genes with special traits, are also preserved by gene banks. These genes may later prove useful when some epidemic disease strikes, when climate changes or when plant or animal survival is threatened by other factors. To restore genetic diversity or to introduce characteristics from other breeds or varieties, farmers could use banked deposits, stored cells or tissues.

To stop chemical and biological activity that could break down cells, gene banks use low temperatures. At-196 ° Celsius (-320.8 ° Fahrenheit), some banks freeze material in liquid nitrogen. This process of freezing replaces water with another fluid, such as glycerol, in cells. The development of ice crystals is minimised by that fluid. Crystals such as these could damage cell walls. Later, biologists will remove the glycerol or some other fluid during thawing and return water to the cells.

The correct Answer is option (A) Gene bank.

Note: Many different kinds of materials can hold a gene bank. Seeds that will grow into whole plants may be present, or eggs and sperm that can be united to create an animal. Or animal embryos, which can be implanted into surrogate mothers, may be present. Some gene banks store stem cells that may one day be used by scientists to produce eggs and sperm. Banks, such as ovaries and testicles, can also store reproductive organs.