Question

How do you use the important points to sketch the graph of $F\left( x \right)={{x}^{2}}-4x+9$?

Answer 1

Hint: We equate the given equation of parabolic curve with the general equation of ${{\left( x-\alpha \right)}^{2}}=4a\left( y-\beta \right)$. We find the number of x intercepts and the value of the y intercept. We also find the coordinates of the vertex and focus to place the curve in the graph.

Complete step by step solution:
We assume the given equation as $y=F\left( x \right)={{x}^{2}}-4x+9$ which is a parabolic curve.
We have to find the possible number of x intercepts and the value of the y intercept. The curve cuts the X and Y axis at certain points and those are the intercepts.
We first find the Y-axis intercepts. In that case for the Y-axis, we have to take the coordinate values of x as 0. Putting the value of $x=0$ in the equation $y={{x}^{2}}-4x+9$, we get
$y={{0}^{2}}-4\times 0+9=9$
So, the intercept point for Y-axis is $\left( 0,9 \right)$. There is only one intercept on both Y-axis.
We first find the X-axis intercepts. In that case for X-axis, we have to take the coordinate values of y as 0. Putting the value of $y=0$ in the equation $y={{x}^{2}}-4x+9$, we get
\[\begin{align}
  & y={{x}^{2}}-4x+9 \\
 & \Rightarrow 0={{x}^{2}}-4x+9 \\
 & \Rightarrow {{\left( x-2 \right)}^{2}}=-5 \\
\end{align}\]
There are no intercept points for the Y-axis.
We convert the equation into a square form and get
$\begin{align}
  & y={{x}^{2}}-4x+9={{x}^{2}}-4x+4+5 \\
 & \Rightarrow {{\left( x-2 \right)}^{2}}=\left( y-5 \right) \\
\end{align}$
We equate ${{\left( x-2 \right)}^{2}}=\left( y-5 \right)$ with the general equation of parabola ${{\left( x-\alpha \right)}^{2}}=4a\left( y-\beta \right)$.
For the general equation $\left( \alpha ,\beta \right)$ is the vertex. 4a is the length of the latus rectum. The coordinate of the focus is $\left( \alpha ,\beta +a \right)$.
This gives the vertex as $\left( 2,5 \right)$. The length of the latus rectum is $4a=1$ which gives $a=\dfrac{1}{4}$.

Note: The minimum point of the function $F\left( x \right)={{x}^{2}}-4x+9$ is $\left( 2,5 \right)$. The graph is bounded at that point. But on the other side the curve is open and not bounded. The general case of parabolic curve is to be bounded at one side to mark the vertex.