Question

Use of bio-resources by multinational companies and other organization without proper authorization from the countries and concerned without compensatory payment is termed as
(a) Resource partitioning
(b) Biopiracy
(c) Patenting
(d) Biofortification

Answer 1

Hint: They are the appliance of commercial utilization of available biochemical or genetic material, mostly by acquiring patents that limit its future use, while failing to pay equitable compensation to the community from which it originates.

Complete answer:
The use of bio-resources by multinational companies and other organizations without actual empowerment from the countries and anxiety without compensatory payment is known as Biopiracy. For example, when bioprospectors produce on original information of medicinal plants which is later patented by medical companies without acknowledging the very fact that the knowledge isn't new or originated by the patenter, this relieves the native community of their potential rights to the commercial product obtained from the technology that they themselves had developed.
Bioresources or biological resources are all those organisms which may provide commercial benefits. They’re abundant in developing countries and have lore related to bioresources. On the opposite hand, developed countries are poor in bioresources but are rich in technology. Lore helps in saving time, effort, and expenditure in developing refined products for commercialization. Therefore, supporting lore, institutions, and corporations of industrialized nations are collecting and exploiting bioresources of other nations by getting them patented.
So, the right answer is 'Biopiracy'.
Note: The term biopiracy was coined by Pat Mooney. A less politically asked word for biopiracy is bioprospecting. This is often more commonly employed by research groups who plan to look for biological resources in a legal and respectful manner. Bioprospecting is the exploration of natural sources for little molecules, macromolecules, and biochemical and genetic information that would be developed into commercially valuable products for the agricultural, aquaculture, bioremediation, cosmetics, or pharmaceutical industries.