Question

What type of particle is made up of two protons and two neutrons released from the nucleus of the radioactive atom?

Answer 1

Hint: As we know that radiation is a form of energy which can come from unstable atoms that undergo radioactive decay and these radiations can also be produced by machines. Radiation travels from its source in the form of energized particles or energized waves. So here we have to tell about the particle that is released during radiation with two protons and two neutrons.

Complete answer:
Let us first about radioactive decay and the particles released from radioactive atoms as follows:-
-Radioactive decay (also called radioactivity, radioactive disintegration, nuclear decay or nuclear disintegration) is the process through which an unstable nucleus loses energy by radiation. A material that contains unstable nuclei is considered to be a radioactive substance.
-The most common types of decay which involve emission of one or more particles or photons are alpha decay, beta decay, and gamma decay.
(A) Alpha decay includes the emission of alpha ($\alpha $) particles which consist of two protons and two neutrons and also are the heaviest type of radiation particle.
(B) Beta decay is the radiation is a beta ($\beta $) particle which is an electron that is not attached to an atom. This particle has a small mass with a negative charge.
(C) In gamma decay, first there is emission of an alpha or beta particle due to the decay of radioactive nuclei. Then the resultant daughter nucleus which is usually left in an excited state can decay to a lower energy state by emitting a gamma ray photon.
-From the above data we can conclude that alpha ($\alpha $) particles are made up of two protons and two neutrons released from the nucleus of the radioactive atom.

Note:
-Remember that weak force is responsible for beta decay whereas electromagnetic and strong forces govern in case of alpha decay and gamma rays.
-The naturally occurring radioactive materials in the earth crust, like uranium and thorium usually emit $\alpha $- particles.