Question

Treatment with alloxan destroys
A)Stilt cells
B)$\beta$ cells of Langerhans
C)Sertoli cells
D)Cells of Leydig

Answer 1

Hint: The hormones produced by the ductless glands are released into the bloodstream. It is the important cells of the pancreas responsible for regulating blood glucose by releasing insulin hormone. The stoppage of the functioning of these cells will increase the blood glucose level and lead to Diabetes.

Complete answer:
Alloxan is a companion of toxic glucose, which consistently destroys insulin-producing cells in the pancreas called beta cells. It was given to rodents and many animal species for laboratory observation.
-This causes alloxan diabetes, an insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in the experimented animals, having the characteristics the same as type 1 diabetes in humans.

Additional Information: -Alloxan consistently kills the insulin-producing $\beta$ cells located in the pancreas, It is used to generate diabetes in experimented animals.
- Alloxan also has a high interaction towards the SH-containing cellular compounds which in results reduces glutathione content.
-Alloxan also blocks the glucokinase (an SH-containing protein) which is important for insulin secretion generated by glucose.

Sertoli cells - It is also known as the nurse cell of the testicles. It is a part of a seminiferous tubule which helps in the process of spermatogenesis.
Spermatogenesis is the production of sperm.
Leydig cells- These are located next to the seminiferous tubules in the testes. It is the interstitial cells. Its function is to produce the androgen, testosterone, under the rhythmic control of pituitary luteinizing hormone.

So, the correct answer is, “$\beta$ cells of Langerhans”.

Note: -Alloxan is harmful to insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells as it is essentially collected in $\beta$ cells through uptake with the help of GLUT-2 glucose transporter.
-In the existence of intracellular thiols, The alloxan generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a cyclic reaction with its reduction product, dialuric acid.
-The toxic action of the beta cells of alloxan is favored by free radicals that are formed in the redox reaction.