Question

What is Translation known as?
A. Formation of RNA from DNA
B. Formation of DNA from DNA
C. Formation of DNA from RNA
D. Protein formation

Answer 1

Hint: Translation, transcription and replication are three important processes which govern the functioning of each of the cell’s vital activities. All these processes explain the expression of genetic information through the central dogma of molecular biology. Defects in any step would therefore affect the cells function indicating the importance of each of the processes.

Complete answer:
Option A: Formation of RNA from DNA is defined as transcription. In this process DNA acts as a template for the synthesis of different types of RNAs and is catalyzed by RNA Polymerase enzymes.
Thus, option A is incorrect.
Option B: Formation of DNA from DNA is defined as the process of replication. It is the most important process in living systems; it ensures survival and continuity of life on earth. This process is catalyzed by the DNA polymerase enzyme.
Thus, Option B is incorrect.
Option C: Formation of DNA from RNA is known as reverse transcription and is evident in viruses. This phenomenon is also known as teminism.
Thus, Option C is also incorrect.
Option D: Protein formation is known as translation. By definition – translation is the process of formation of protein from m-RNA through a concerted interplay of ribosomes and t-RNA.
Thus, Option D is the correct answer.

So, Option D. Protein formation is the correct answer.

Note:
Translation refers back to the technique of making proteins from an mRNA template. The codons formed by the nucleotides at the RNA are translated into a polypeptide chain and this response is finished through ribosomes. Ribosomes and t-RNA dock on a mature mRNA transcript and recruit a couple of enzymes in an energy consuming process that makes use of ATP in addition to GTP.