Question

What tiny particles surround the nucleus, have little mass and negative electric charges that are exactly the same magnitude as positive charges of the protons?

Answer 1

Hint: As we know that protons are positively charged species and electrons are negatively charged species. In an atom, protons and neutrons lie inside the nucleus of an atom while electrons revolve around the nucleus in circular orbits.

Complete answer:
We need to know that an atom is composed of two regions: the nucleus, which is in the center of the atom and contains protons and neutrons, and the outer region of the atom, which holds its electrons in orbit around the nucleus.
Protons and neutrons have approximately the same mass, about $1.67 \times {10^{ - 24}}$ grams, which scientists define as one atomic mass unit (amu) or one Dalton.
Each electron has a negative charge (-1) equal to the positive charge of a proton (+1).
Neutrons are uncharged particles found within the nucleus.
An atom is the smallest unit of matter that retains all of the chemical properties of an element. Atoms combine to form molecules, which then interact to form solids, gases, or liquids. For example, water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen atoms that have combined to form water molecules. Many biological processes are devoted to breaking down molecules into their component atoms so they can be reassembled into a more useful molecule. . Electrons contribute greatly to the atom’s charge, as each electron has a negative charge equal to the positive charge of a proton. Scientists define these charges as $ + 1$ and $ - 1$.

Note:
Electrons are much smaller in mass than protons, weighing only $9.11 \times {10^{ - 28}}$ grams, or about \[\dfrac{1}{{1800}}\] of an atomic mass unit. Therefore, they do not contribute much to an element’s overall atomic mass. When considering atomic mass, it is customary to ignore the mass of any electrons and calculate the atom’s mass based on the number of protons and neutrons alone.