Question

There are many similarities in the way in which the modern world forced changes in the lives of pastoral communities in India and East Africa. Write about any two examples of changes which were similar for Indian pastoralists and the Maasai herders.

Answer 1

Hint: Over half of the world's pastoral population lives in Africa. Over 22 million Africans still rely on some type of pastoral activity to make a living. Bedouins, Berbers, Maasai, Somali, Boran, and Turkana are among the groups. In India, there are three types of nomadic communities: hunters and gatherers, pastoralists, and peripatetic or non-food producing groups.

Complete answer:
The ways in which the modern world has caused changes in the life of pastoral tribes in India and East Africa are strikingly comparable. Here are two examples of changes that both Indian pastoralists and Maasai herders experienced:

Colonial rulers regarded all uncultivated territory as "wasteland." It didn't generate any cash or produce any agricultural products. This land was turned over to agriculture. In most cases, the lands taken over were actually grazing tracts used by pastoralists on a regular basis. Therefore, the spread of cultivation ultimately resulted in the reduction of pastures, posing a dilemma for both Indian pastoralists and Maasai.

The colonial authorities began placing limitations on pastoral groups in the nineteenth century.A pastoral lifestyle is that of shepherds herding livestock around open areas of land according to the seasons and the changing availability of water and pasture.

They granted permits that permitted them to move away with their stock, but obtaining permits without hassle and intimidation was difficult. Those found guilty of breaking the regulations received harsh punishment.

Note: The word Maa is the source of the Maasai title. "My People '' is what Maa-sai means. The majority of them today live in semi-arid grasslands or dry deserts, where rainfed agriculture is difficult to practise. Cattle, camels, goats, sheep, and donkeys are raised, and milk, meat, animal skin, and wool are sold. The Rebari/Raika are one of Western India's most populous pastoral communities.