Question

The Zamindars were required to pay a fixed amount to the British as land revenue irrespective of what they could collect under the---.
A. Judicial reforms.
B. Permanent Land Revenue Settlement
C. Police reforms
D. Administrative reforms

Answer 1

Hint:- The Cornwallis Code imposed in 1793, which divided the East India Company's service personnel into three pillars: revenue, judicial, and commercial.
Thus, Revenues were collected by zamindars, who were particularly native Indians.

Complete answer:
The Zamindars were required to pay a fixed amount to the British as land revenue irrespective of what they could collect under the Permanent Land Revenue Settlement. So B is the right answer.
Permanent settlement or the Permanent Settlement of Bengal, introduced in 1793 by Lord Cornwallis in Bengal.
It was introduced in the regions of Bengal, Bihar, Orissa, and the other parts of Northern Karnataka, Varanasi, etc.
Under this system, Zamindars needed to pay a fixed amount of land revenue on a fixed date every year.
 However, if the Zamindar failed to pay the amount on a fixed date, the Company could capture their land and sell their land via public auction.
Earlier the zamindars in Bengal, Bihar, and Odisha had a right to collect revenue on behalf of the Mughal emperor.
 But after the Battle of Buxar Company got the right Diwani to collect revenue from Bengal.
So they created a Zamindar or landlord class to collect the revenue on their behalf, but it created the worst condition after the Bengal Famines.
Several people died under the Bengal Famines and the pressure of taxes.

Hence, answer B is the right option.

Note: The Permanent Settlement was established with a goal to resolve the problem of agrarian crisis and distress that had resulted in lower agricultural output, but it creates the worst conditions for the farmers in Bengal. One of the historians Bernard S. Cohn said that the Permanent Settlement led to a commercialization of land that was not there before in Bengal and, which resulted in it changing the whole social structural classes in Bengal.