Question

The wing of a bird and human arm perform different functions but have the same embryonic origin. Such structures are known as
A. Homologous structures
B. Analogous characters
C. Vestigial structures
D. Adaptive structures
E. Derived traits

Answer 1

Hint: The prefix ‘homo’ means same or identical. The organs having the same structure but different functions to perform often have the same embryonic origin. On the other hand, the organs having different structures but the same function to perform originate from different embryonic origins.

Complete answer:The organs or structures having the same structural arrangements but they serve different functions in different organisms are called homologous structures. The wing of the bird is used for flying whereas the arm of the human to grab objects. Such structures have the same ancestral origin. But they differ in external appearance. Such homologous structures show divergent evolution. These are developed as a response to different environments and surroundings. In contrast to that, structures which have the same functions but differ structurally and have different developmental patterns are called analogous structures. For example, the eyes of higher mammals, arthropods, jellyfishes do not have common structurally or evolutionary but in all those organisms the eyes serve one purpose which is giving vision. Such analogous structures show convergent evolution. These evolve due to adaptation occurring due to similar environmental conditions.
Thus, the correct option is option A. Homologous structures
Additional information: Both homologous structures and analogous structures provide proof of evolution. Other examples of homologous structures are the leg of cattle, wings of bat, and flipper of Whale.

Note: The homologous structures are completely opposite of analogous structures. Homologous organs always perform different functions than each other whereas the analogous organs perform the same functions as each other.