Question

The vessel leading blood (containing nitrogenous waste) into the Bowman’s capsule is known as
A. Afferent arteriole
B. Efferent arteriole
C. Renal artery
D. Renal vein

Answer 1

Hint: Glomerular filtration also known as ultrafiltration is the process of filtration of blood from the whole body into the glomerulus of the nephron of the kidney. This step is the first step in the process of urine formation.

Complete Answer:
- Afferent arteriole is the blood vessel that brings the blood with nitrogenous waste into the Bowman’s capsule of kidney.
- Efferent arterioles are the blood vessels that carry the filtered blood away from the kidney. Two blood vessels that arise from abdominal aorta that goes to the kidneys one is renal artery and the other is renal vein.
- Renal artery enters the kidney through the hilum and splits into many smaller arteries that deliver blood to many nephrons.
- Renal veins branch off into the inferior vena cava which drains the deoxygenated blood from the kidneys and from the ureter.

Thus the correct option is A: Afferent arteriole.

Note: The process of urine formation involves three steps
i. Ultrafiltration also known as glomerular filtration: Filtration of blood , so that the wastes can be removed from the blood.
ii. Selective reabsorption: selective absorption of the glucose, NaCl, water, ions etc through PCT, DCT, and Henle’s loop.
iii. Tubular secretion: secretion of urea, excess electrolytes, excess water back into the filtrate, so that it can be eliminated in the form of urine.
The whole process takes place in nephrons and the urine is passed out from the body through urethra.