Question

The total set of DNA present in a cell is called as:
a. Genome
b. Codon
c. Anticodon
d. Gene

Answer 1

Hint: DNA is generally present in nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplast in a cell. DNA which is responsible for reproduction is present in only nucleus and for sexual reproduction mitochondrial DNA is inherited from mother as father only contributes for haploid set of DNA thus, mitochondrial disease can be inherited only from mother not father.

Complete answer:
Are you aware of the fact that DNA is genetic material present in most of the life forms. Genetic material is responsible for every trait that you have, including your hair colour, eye colour, voice tone etc. Genetic material is the fundamental thing which is required for life forms to exist. Genetic material is basically of two types, that is, Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid (DNA) and Ribose Nucleic Acid (RNA). Most of the creatures have DNA as genetic material but some viruses have RNA as their genetic material.
Now, if we talk about eukaryotic cells, they contain many organelles like mitochondria, chloroplast, ribosomes, nucleus, etc. Special thing about some of the organelles is that they have their own DNA. Which helps in many processes and requires the proper functioning of the cell. These organelles are mitochondria, chloroplast and nucleus.
Now, if we analyse given options;
> Option ‘A’ is Genome – Genome is the total genetic material of an organism. So, if an organism has DNA as its genetic material then the total set of DNA present in a cell will be called as DNA.
> Option ‘B’ is Codon- Codon is a set of “three bases sequence” that will result in amino acid which will be added to the polypeptide chain. So, this option is not the correct option.
> Option ‘C’ is Anticodon- It is a set of three nucleotides, present at transfer RNA which interacts with its complementary codon, during the process of translation of protein from m-RNA. So, this option is also not correct.
> Option ‘D’ is Gene- It is a fragment of DNA which transcribes to a functional m-RNA and that m-RNA translates to a functional protein. Means that part of DNA, which function is known to us. Thus, this option is also not correct.
After analysing all the options, we can conclude that option ‘A’ is the correct option. Because the total set of DNA present in a cell is called the genome of the organism.

Note:
Do not get confused with the term gene and genome. Gene is a fragment of DNA and Genome is the total DNA present in a cell.