Question

The theory of natural selection was given by
A. Darwin
B. Mendel
C. Schwann
D. Schleiden

Answer 1

Hint: Natural selection theory states that the characteristic that enables some organisms to survive better than others in the same environment are said to be selected by nature, in other words, those populations that are fit in the environment will be selected by nature and will survive.

Complete answer: Charles Robert Darwin was an English naturalist. Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace delivered a paper that changed biology forever. In 1859 Darwin published his work on evolution in his book ‘On the Origin of Species’. He stated that organisms who adapt to an environment produce more offspring than others or in other words, their reproduction rate is much higher than organisms who do not adapt. Therefore, they survive as they are selected by nature. An example that supports Darwin theory; In England, it was observed before industrialization that white-winged moths were more than dark-winged moths. But the situation became reversed after industrialisation. During pre-industrialization, the tree trunk was covered by white lichens and on white background, the dark coloured moth can be picked up. During post-industrialization, the tree trunk was covered by dust, coal particles and was dark. On such a trunk, white moths could be easily picked up. Thus, it was found that industrial melanin supports evolution by natural selection.
Hence, the correct answer is option A.

Note: Darwin proposed the theory of natural selection but did not understand the mechanism behind, but Gregor Mendel’s experiments on pea plants pointed to the role of hereditary factors later known as genes, representing another giant leap in the history of evolution.