Question

The term protoplasm is introduced by
a. Purkinje
b. Schultze
c. Sutton and Boveri
d. Mendel

Answer 1

Hint: Protoplasm is considered as the living part of the cell. It comprises different cellular organelles. It is a jelly-like, colorless, transparent, and viscous living substance present within the cell wall. The term protoplasm was proposed in the year 1839 and is known as the primary substance, as it is responsible for various living processes.

Complete answer:
In-plant cells, protoplasm is surrounded by a cell wall. In animal cells, the whole cell is made of protoplasm which is surrounded by a cell membrane. Protoplasm in living beings is composed of about 75–80% water. However, this is rather misleading because the cytoplasm is full of structures called organelles, which do various tasks. The endoplasmic reticulum is the largest of these structures; there are many other organelles.

- The term ‘Protoplasm’ was introduced by J.E Purkinje.
- The Protoplasm Theory was given by Schultz.
- Sutton and Boveri are known for the discovery of the Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance.
- Mendel is known for the fundamental law of inheritance.

Hence, the correct answer is option (A).
- In 1835, Dujardin discovered the protoplasm and named it “sarcode”.
- In 1868, J.S. Huxley defined protoplasm as ‘the physical basis of life’.
- In 1892, O. Hertwig proposed “Protoplasmic Theory” which states that all living matter, of which animals and plants are formed, is protoplasm.

Note: Protoplasm contains the genetic material of a cell. It also controls the activity of the cell. The cytoplasm or the cytosol and the nucleus, are two components of a protoplasm. Protoplasm is made up of proteins, fats, enzymes, hormones, either dissolved or suspended in the water component of the protoplasm.