Question

The structural measures of mitigation includes ____________.
A. Designing electrical power systems to weather and earthquake
B. Enforcing strict building codes
C. Seismic resistance design of buildings
D. Retrofitting public buildings to withstand
E. All of these

Answer 1

Hint: Structural mitigation steps are those that include or dictate a need for some form of design, engineering, or other mechanical modifications or enhancements aimed at mitigating the probability or effect of a hazard risk.

Complete answer:
Mitigation involves reducing the effects of catastrophes. Structural mitigation and non-structural mitigation are two types of mitigation. The prevention that is performed in either a structural or a non-structural context can require emergency response. Structural Mitigation is the physical alteration or act of accident or danger security. Structural mitigation, for example, will be where a family improves its house to make it more windproof or earthquake proof. In comparison, where a flood would arise, such structural mitigation examples might be items such as building a sandbag barrier around the house. In general structural mitigation is the direct acts that people take, create, or transfer in order to help protect their life and or property.
In disaster response, non-structural mitigation involves what people should do at a personal level that is not structurally or externally visible as a defensive defence such as a surge wall or storm shelter. In general, non-structural mitigation would include measures such as flood insurance. In comparison, a family having a family emergency plan would be another example.
Dams, flood levees, ocean surge walls, earthquake-resistant construction and emergency shelters are common structural steps for disaster risk mitigation. Construction regulations, land-use planning legislation and their implementation, study and appraisal, information services and public awareness programmes are common non-structural steps. Notice that the word "structural" is used in civil and structural engineering in a more narrow way to mean only the load-bearing frame, and other elements such as wall cladding and internal fittings are considered "non-structural."
So, the correct answer is Option E.

Note: It is important to remember that these forms of mitigation are similarly important, and in conjunction with each other are better used. Education regarding local dangers and practising a strategy is as critical as providing a concrete shield of protection from such risks like a storm shelter or a strengthened base of a house in an earthquake
prone area. Preparing halfway does not make sense, but so many people do. Many more people should not plan at all, but hopefully in the years to come we will change that.