Question

The state enjoys exclusive jurisdiction on the subjects in the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
A. Concurrent list
B. State list
C. Both 1 and 2
D. Union list

Answer 1

Hint: India is a federal country which means it has the government at more than two levels, they are union government, state government, and local governments. The Constitution of India and it’s the seventh schedule has clearly demarcated the jurisdiction of all levels of government other than the Constitution has made it very clear about the areas and aspects they can make laws about.

Complete answer:
The Union list consists of all the subjects or the matters, union government can make laws about. There are about a hundred items in the union list but originally there were ninety-seven items in the union list. Parliament has the ultimate power to legislate over the items mentioned in a union list. Some of the items or subjects mentioned in the Union list are defence; citizenship; Control Bureau of Investigation (CBI); Currency, all the armed forces which included, army, naval and air force; trade with foreign countries; war, and peace and many more.

The state list consists of all the subjects the state government can make laws about. Here are sixty-one items in the state list but originally there were sixty-six items in the state list. The legislative assembly of the respective state has the ultimate power to legislate over the items mentioned in the state list. Some of the items or subjects mentioned in the state list are police; local government; agriculture; public health and sanitation and many more.

The concurrent list consists of all the subjects or the matters, over which both union governments and state governments can make laws about. There are about fifty-two items in the union list but originally there were forty-seven items in the union list. In case of a conflict between union and central government over the subjects of the concurrent list then laws passed by Parliament and state legislatures on the same subject, the Constitution provides for a central law to override state law.

So, the correct answer is Option (C).

Note: In case of national interest Parliament can make law on subjects included in the state list, according to Article 249. Parliament can make laws on subjects mentioned in state list one when Rajya Sabha passes a resolution; when two or more states pass a resolution requesting Parliament to legislate on subjects under state List and lastly in case of a national emergency.