Question

The sporophyte phase of Funaria is well developed and composed of ____________
(a)Capsule only
(b)Spore sac
(c)Foot and capsule
(d)Foot, seta, and capsule

Answer 1

Hint: The sporophyte phase of Funaria includes the embedded structure, a long curve responsible for conduction, and a terminal bag like structure producing spores.

Complete answer:
The sporophyte of Funaria consists of the foot, seta, and capsule. It is a moss which belongs to the division bryophyta.

Additional Information:
 The zygote is the first cell of the sporophyte stage. It consists of 3 structures –
Foot
-It is the basal portion of the spore sac.
-It is small conical and embedded in the apex of the female branch.
Seta
-It is a long, stalk-like slender in shape.
-bears capsule at its tip
-raises the capsule above the gametophyte.
-Its main function is to provide mechanical support and conduct water and minerals to the developing capsule.
Capsule
-It is present at the terminal end.
-It is green in color but on maturity, it changes to orange color.
-It is covered with a cap called calyptra.
-It has epidermis, hypodermis, spongy parenchyma (layers of loosely arranged chlorophyllous cells, these cells are responsible for the food preparation because of which sporophyte is partially dependent on gametophyte) after the spongy parenchyma air spaces are present which are traversed by green cells (chlorenchyma) called trabeculae.
-Under the trabeculae, a spore sac lies in which spore mother cells are present. Spore mother cells at maturity divide meiotically and form many haploid spores. On the above side of the capsule, the operculum is present which is a lid like structure.

So, the correct answer is,’ Foot, seta, and capsule.’

Note: Funaria also called bonfire moss and common cord moss is a stenocarpus moss (which dehisced along a predetermined line).On maturation of the sporophyte, the operculum throws off and the capsule releases the spores, dispersing them in the air.
Under favorable conditions, the spores germinate to form a new gametophyte.