Question

The sphincter of Oddi found in man, guards the
A. Pancreatic duct
B. Hepatopancreatic duct
C. Bile duct
D. Cystic duct
E. Duodenum

Answer 1

Hint:-The sphincter of Oddi ( also known as hepatopancreatic sphincter or Glisson’s sphincter), abbreviated as SO, is a muscular valve , that in some animals including humans, controls the flow of digestive juices (bile and pancreatic juices) through the ampulla of Vater into the second part of the duodenum.

Complete step-by-step solution:-
The sphincter of Oddi is named after Ruggero Odd, as it was first described by Ruggero Oddi when he was a young student in 1887. This description followed extensive research into the physiology of dogs and detailed histological examination of humans and many other species.
The sphincter of Oddi is relaxed by the hormone cholecystokinin via vasoactive intestinal peptide.
It is located, where the bile duct and pancreatic duct meet at the entrance to the first part of the small intestine (duodenum). It controls the flow of digestive juices into the duodenum. Thus, it guards the hepatopancreatic duct.
So, the correct answer is option B.

Additional information:- Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (SOD) occurs when the sphincter of Oddi does not open and close properly. This can happen for many reasons, including: fibrosis, inflammation, anatomical abnormalities and spasms. SOD creates a buildup of digestive juices in the pancreas and liver and the liver produces bile, which are chemicals that help to digest food in the intestine.

Note:- SOD is basically inability of the sphincter to contract and relax in a normal way. can cause biliary dysfunction, which occurs when the fluids build up in the liver. Pancreatitis, which develops when the build up happens in the pancreas.