Question

The sequence of events mentioned below are symbolised by alphabets. Choose the correct answer where the alphabets are matched with the processes.
$RNA\overset{A}{\rightarrow}DNA\overset{B}{\rightarrow}DNA\overset{C}{\rightarrow}mRNA\overset{D}{\rightarrow}Polypeptide$

A) A-Replication,B-transcription,C-translation,D-transduction
B) A-reverse transcription, B-translation, C-transcription, D-replication
C) A-replication,B-transformation,C-Transcription,D-translation
D) A-Reverse transcription,B-replication,C-transcription,D-translation

Answer 1

Hint: The genetic material in most species is contained in the form of DNA. It is possible to accurately copy genetic information in DNA and translate it to produce the proteins required by the cell. The human genome contains about 30,000 genes, each of which codes for one protein.

Complete step-by-step answer:
The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology states that proteins are created by DNA. For a new strand of complementary DNA, each of these single strands serves as a template.As a result, each new cell possesses its own complete genome. Replication of DNA is known as this technique. The Watson-Crick pairing of the bases with incoming deoxynucleoside triphosphates in the template strand regulates replication and is driven by DNA polymerase enzymes. It is a complex process, particularly in eukaryotes, involving a variety of enzymes.

 The process by which DNA is copied to RNA is called transcription, and translation is called that by which RNA is used to create proteins. Each time a cell divides, each of its double DNA strands divides into two single strands.

RNA is reverse transcribed into DNA during reverse transcription. Catalyzed by reverse transcriptase enzymes, this mechanism allows retroviruses to use RNA, like the human immunodeficiency virus, as their genetic material (HIV).

The transcription-formed mRNA is transported to the ribosome (the cell's protein synthesis factory) from the nucleus into the cytoplasm. It guides protein synthesis here. Messenger RNA is not directly involved in the synthesis of proteins, for which transfer RNA (tRNA) is needed. The process by which, with the aid of tRNA, mRNA guides protein synthesis is called translation.

The correct Answer is option (D) A-Reverse Transcription,B-replication,C-transcription,D-translation

Note: In accordance with the genetic code, the polypeptide amino acid sequence is determined by mRNA. Codons from three mRNA bases contribute to one amino acid in a polypeptide. Translation depends on additional base pairing between mRNA codons and tRNA anticodons.