Question

The scientist who gave vital force theory-
A.Berzelius
B.Avogadro
C.Wohler
D.Lavoisier

Answer 1

Hint: The vital force theory stated that organic compounds can never be synthesized from inorganic material and it must have its origin in living organisms. Although, this theory was contradicted as the organic compound was prepared in a laboratory.

Complete Step-by-Step Solution:
Berzelius was a Swedish scientist who in $1815$ proposed that organic compounds could only be produced by some special force which must be existing in a living organism and could not be prepared in a laboratory. This force was called vital force and this theory came to be known as vital force theory.
According to this theory-
The organic compounds were originated or extracted from living organisms.They could not be prepared in a laboratory with inorganic material and they were actually originated by a vital force.The organic compounds did not obey the laws of chemical combination.
This theory was proved wrong when German scientist Wohler prepared urea (an organic compound) from inorganic compounds ammonium chloride and potassium cyanate. The reaction is given as follows-
$N{H_4}Cl + KCNO \to N{H_4}CNO + KCl$
$N{H_4}CNO\xrightarrow{{\operatorname{Re} - {\text{arrangement}}}}N{H_2}CON{H_2}$
This product formed after re-arrangement is urea.

Answer- Hence the correct answer is A.

Note: The contributions of other scientists mentioned here are-
a)Avogadro was an Italian scientist who gave Avogadro’s law according to which, under controlled pressure and temperature equal volumes of the gases contain an equal number of molecules.
b)Lavoisier was a French scientist who gave the law of conservation of mass and also stated that the oxygen is the gas responsible for respiration and combustion.