Question

The Ryots Of Deccan revolted against the_______ system.
A)Permanent settlement
B)Mahalwari
C)Ryotwari
D)None

Answer 1

HINT: In 1861, American Civil war broke out, and forced the british to import cotton from India to maintain cotton exports, as due the war imports from America fell miserably. Indian agriculture was exposed to the world economy, hence inequality and growth were interrelated.

Step by step answer:
Option A- Permanent settlement, was an agreement between Bengali landlords and East India Company. Where zamindars or landlords were owners of land as long as they paid the fixed revenue. This is an incorrect option.
Option B- Holt Mackenzie in 1822, introduced The Mahalwari System, under which if the zamindar held the whole estate, revenue settlement was with him otherwise payment was obtained from individual cultivators. This is not a correct option.
Option C- The Ryots of Deccan revolted against the agrarian distress caused by the introduction of the Ryotwari settlement, where an agreement was made between the government and the cultivator( Ryot). The fixed revenue was on the basis of the soil-type and the capacity of the farmer. The revenue was paid on an annual basis but was so high that the Deccan farmers had to take loans from moneylenders to pay their loans and dues.
Moneylenders exploited the peasants by not providing them a receipt in case of repayment of loan. They further, ignored the principal amount of loan interest and added the unpaid amount of interest in the new loan. The peasant indebtedness, oppressive taxation, uncertain weather along-with natural calamities contributed to the agrarian unrest and instigated a Deccan revolt against the Ryotwari settlement. The main objective of the revolt was to destroy or acquire decrees, bonds of the moneylenders.
Option D- None of the above too is not correct.

NOTE: the Deccan riots commission, was appointed to address the outbreak and realised that there was no anti-colonial sentiment. In 1859, a Limitation Law was passed by the British that reduced validity of bonds for 3 years.