Question

The RNA which carries the genetic message from the nucleus to the ribosome is
(a) hnRNA
(b) mRNA
(c) tRNA
(d) rRNA

Answer 1

Hint: RNA stands for Ribonucleic acid is a polymeric molecule. it is important for several biological roles such as coding, decoding, regulation, and expression of genes. It converts the information stored in the DNA into proteins.

Complete step by step answer:
The RNA which carries the genetic message from the nucleus to the ribosome is mRNA. mRNA stands for messenger RNA which carries a coding sequence for protein synthesis. These are known as transcripts.

Messenger RNA transfers genetic information from DNA to the cytoplasm and is single-stranded. It helps in the formation of polypeptides. The process of synthesis of proteins required nucleotides and triphosphate as substrates. This process is catalyzed by the enzyme RNA polymerase ii.

Additional information:
hnRNA: hnRNA stands for heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleic acid. It acts as a primary transcript from DNA and is an extrachromosomal DNA molecule. They comprise pre-mRNA molecules which are in extensive processing for becoming mature mRNA molecules. The heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein is formed when the hnRNA is associated with proteins. In the initial steps, the synthesizing of mRNA is done with the process of transcription. The DNA sequence is read by RNA polymerase during transcription for the formation of the antiparallel RNA strand which is known as primary transcript.
tRNA: tRNA stands for transfer RNA molecules which helps in carrying amino acids. The carrying of amino acids is based on the messenger RNA nucleotide sequence. It acts as an intermediate between nucleotide and amino acid sequences. They form hydrogen bonds with messenger RNA. They bring messenger RNA and amino acids together during the process of translation and form ester linkages between amino acids. They make fair with mRNA in an anti-parallel manner and form a base pair with a stretch of three nucleotides on mRNA.
rRNA: rRNA stands for ribosomal RNA which makes the part of protein-synthesizing organelle called a ribosome. They are exposed in the cytoplasm to translate the information in messenger RNA into proteins. They are synthesized in the nucleolus of the cell. The nucleolus is the part of the cell with the dense area which contains the genes that encode rRNA. The encoded rRNA may vary in size from small to large. There is at least one small rRNA and one large rRNA in every ribosome. The synthesis of ribosomal protein is done in the cytoplasm and is transferred to the nucleus to settle down in the nucleolus.
So, the correct answer is 'mRNA.

Note: The RNA constitutes $5\mathrm{\%}$ weight of the human cell and $1\mathrm{\%}$ is of DNA. RNA is used for cancer gene therapies to prevent the expression of cancer-causing genes. To overpower the expression of fruit ripening genes to make the fruits vine longer, RNA technology is used. It extends the availability of the fruit even after the season. If the RNA is not functioning well it will lead to severe human diseases like cancer, heart diseases or stroke.