Question

The process of development of seedling from seed is called as
(A) Pathogenesis
(B) Germination
(C) Cryoscopic
(D) None of the above

Answer 1

Hint: A seed is formed as a result of fertilization i.e., fusion of male and female gametes and takes part in the process of reproduction. Seed is covered by an outer larger which is called a seed coat.

Complete answer:
The process of development of seedling from seed is called germination. Seed is developed from the ovule and is formed as a result of fertilization.
The seed contains zygote and has capacity to develop into a plant in future. The process by which the development of new plants from seed and proper environmental conditions take place is called as generation.

Seed consist of three main parts namely the embryo, endosperm and seed we,
(1) Seed coat: The outermost layer surrounding a seed is called a seed coat.
If functions in providing protection to seed.
(2) Embryo: The embryo is formed as a result of fertilization and is capable of growing into new plants under proper environmental cotyledon.
Depending on the number of cotyledons possessed by a seed, it is categorized as monocot and dicot. Monocot consist of single cotyledon and dicot cannot of two cotyledons.
(3) Endosperm: The endosperm is formed as a result of double fertilization.
The ovary of a flower develops into endosperm. It stores food material in the form of starch that can be used by plants in adverse environmental conditions.

Now let us look into the given options:
Option A: Parthenogenesis: The process or technique of developing seedless fruit is called parthenogenesis. Example: parthenogenetic fruits are grape, banana, etc.
Option B: The fundamental process by which a plant species grows from a seed into a fully grown plant is known as germination. Therefore, this is the correct option. The process of germination influences both crop yield and quality.
Option C: The technique of measuring the molecular weight of a substance is called cryoscopy. It is used for determining various molecular weights of solutes and the different properties of the solutions.

Therefore, from the above explanation the correct option is (b) germination.

Note: The various conditions necessary for germination are,
i) Oxygen - It is an essential source of energy for seed growth as the seed requires it for aerobic respiration and metabolism.
ii) Light: Presence of sunlight can act as an environmental trigger as many seeds do not germinate until they are exposed to enough sunlight.
iii) Temperature: Seeds require optimum temperature of 25 to 30 degree celsius to grow.
iv) Water: It is very important for germination of seeds as seeds are very dry and they need a good amount of water to germinate.