Question

The parts of the neurons that perform basic cellular function such as protein synthesis are
(A) Axons
(B) Dendrites
(C) Synaptic knobs
(D) Soma

Answer 1

Hint: Neurons transmit information across the body via sensory information from external stimuli and neural impulses to specific muscle groups throughout the body.

Complete answer: To solve this question, at first we should know about neurons. The neurons are the essential building blocks of the nervous system. These advanced cells are the brain's information-processing units known for acquiring and conveying information. Each section of the neuron plays a significant role in the body wide transmission of information

Now lets us find the solution from the given options-
1. The axon is the extended fiber that transmits the synaptic signal from the cell body to the terminal endings. The greater the axon's diameter, the faster it conveys information. So, axons is an incorrect answer.
2. Dendrites at the beginning of a neuron are tree-like extensions which help to increase the surface area of the cell body. Such small protrusions transmit information from other neurons and provide the soma with electrical stimulation. Even the dendrites are covered by synapses. So, dendrite is an incorrect answer.
3. A synaptic knob on an axon of a neuron is one of the terminal endpoints. So, synaptic knob is an incorrect answer.
4. The soma comprises the nucleus, and is the site of nearly all neuronal proteins on which membranes are synthesized. Any proteins are produced in dendrites, but axons and axon terminals cannot produce proteins as they do not possess ribosomes. So soma is the correct answer.

Thus, the option D is the correct option. i.e. soma

Note: The soma, or cell body, is the location where the dendrites signals are linked and transmitted. The soma and nucleus have no important role in neuronal signal transmission.